Mind-body Distinction :: essays research papers

â€Å"Mind-Body distinction† We usually view the mind as the brain and body as something physical. The mind may be better known and understood when one is thinking. When thinking, the mind is made up purely of thoughts and the body is an extension. The mind is telling the body what to do. The mind is a mental entity and the brain itself is the physical body. Although one can not have a mind with out a brain, the mind and brain differ in which one is mental and the other physical. Together the mind and body are like a foundation. Empirically we know that the mind needs a brain to exist, but the mind is not a physical substance. Moreover, a brain sits useless unless it has a mind. Substances with shape, mass, and other physical properties characterize the physical. In contrast, substances without any size, shape, mass often characterize the mental. One of the first things about our bodies is that they have limitations that we may think are not there. Our bodies seem to be what they are no matter what we think about them. Although you can change your body by changing your body image, you can never become the ideal person you think you can be. Thus, our bodies seem to exist and be what they are independently from what any mind thinks they are. Are bodies are physical and can not be changed because we can see them change in our mind. The body can be controlled by the mind to do certain things but the mind can not change our physical appearance. The main characteristic of the mind is the ability to think. A mind does more than take in information from the world and react to it. The mind has hopes, feelings, and beliefs. It is aware of the world and has feelings and thoughts about the information that it takes in from the world. Minds are non-physical and the thoughts it produces do not have anything in common with the physical. We can see, touch, or hear our thoughts. An idea can exist, but only in the mind. An idea has no physical properties to it. Physical objects can be perceived in the mind but objects in the mind are immaterial.

Political party in france

General Introduction The Parties have become a major player In politics In the late nineteenth century. The functioning of political regimes is deeply committed to the existence of these political parties that did not exist in the eighteenth century and were still embryonic in the early nineteenth century. In the totalitarian, one-party organizing manipulation. This explains the importance of parties in this type of regime.The importance of parties is also true In pluralist democracies because there Is a democratic competition : intention between political parties that compete for the conquest of Institutions and power. As the parties have a monopoly of electoral offer, they effectively control all elected offices, this means that the party has a virtual monopoly on the selection of leaders. For all these reasons, if we want to understand how liberal democracies work, one must understand how a political party works. What is a political party?A political party is an organized associat ion that brings together citizens united by a common Ideology or philosophy, which she seeks fulfillment , with the goal of inquest and exercise of power. This Is an organization In the service of an Idea. The political environment is not the same everywhere. It may give a different country to another characteristic of a locality to another. These characteristics result in particular the diversity of political parties, but also systems of parties that are not uniform. In France, the role of political parties has been enshrined in the Constitution of 1 958 (art. 4), which since 1999 also gives their mission Is to promote equal access for women and men to electoral mandates and elective functions. Law f 11 March 1988 on the financing of political parties said they form and pursue their activities freely, they are endowed with legal personality and can take legal action. ) The French political system can often seem bewildering and difficult to follow. Compared to Britain or the ASSAI, France seems to have a plethora of political parties.Politicians, supposedly of the political right, may be heard defending positions more often held by political parties of the left in many other countries, and In recent French history, a good proportion of the economic liberation's that has taken place In France has been pushed through by governments of the left. ‘-Type of political parties In a country, political parties are not all identical. Several factors can help to distinguish the number and quality of members, voting, discipline or schools of thought.Depending on each element, we will have several types of parties. The most common distinction In political science remains that which Is established by Maurice Diverge between Mass Party and Cadre Party. We must therefore distinguish different types of parties: A- The Cadre Party The Cadre Party was born in the nineteenth century. The Cadre Party it's a parties they are parties of notables (resulting in a first time, the bourgeoisie or aristocracy) and traditionally are right or center. Example: the Radical Party in France.The first parties were historically Cadre Parties. It was Initially parliamentary groups together the reputation, prestige, and sometimes money. All these parties remain poorly structured. The authority is exercised within the party executive is both personal and decentralized. It normally operates at the district and national bodies cadre parties are little more than the Juxtaposition of local influences. B- The Mass Party The Mass Party was born in the early twentieth century with the development of Socialism and Communism.Their goal is the transformation of society and the creation of a new social order. For this, they rely on a structured and hierarchical organization and a large number of members and ensuring financial autonomy and supervision of party voters ; Example: the Socialist Party in France Unlike Cadre Parties, which are created spontaneously, Mass Parties were the result of a conscious . Notable party executives are reluctant to defend extreme positions, specially if they are contrary to their interest.These considerations explain the emergence in the late nineteenth century Mass Parties and the fact that the first of them were socialist parties. Two objectives necessitate the creation of a Mass Party: compensation by the number of low social influence of the proletariat and educational purposes. The operation of the Mass Party rigorously apply democratic principles. Members are similar to the electorate. They elect delegates to the congress who meet regularly and take the most important decisions: adoption and amendment of the statutes, election management bodies.

Thank You All For Taking The Time At Come Tonight

Thank you all for taking the time to come tonight. Before we start I would like you all to use half of your notes page to write down one word that describes how you have been feeling lately. You may accompany this with a picture if you wish. Now put those to the side, as we will need them a little later on. We are going to start today’s PD a little differently. I want you all to have a go at the colouring sheets that are in front of you. We are going to just do this for 5minutes. During this time I want you to stay as quiet as you can and let your mind wander. -Ring a bell to regain attention (wait until bell has completely stopped before speaking)- Ok, it is now time to get the word/drawing that you wrote at the beginning of the session and in the other half repeat the same thing. Write a word describing how you feel and once again you may draw a picture as well. Has anyone’s responses changed in the last 5minutes? -allow for discussion- As teachers, do you think that those 5minutes would change the behaviours that you see in your classroom when your students come into the classroom? -allow for discussion- In my presentation today we are going to be looking what mindfulness is, why we should practice it in the classroom, the benefits and when we should practice it. I will also be providing you with many practical ways that you can implement mindfulness into your classrooms. So what is mindfulness? Professor Jon Kabat-Zinn defines it as an â€Å"awareness that arisesShow MoreRelatedHe is Staring at Me885 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Grant Morgan is staring at you.† Della whispers to me as we sit in Economics class the next day. â€Å"Then you stop staring or else he’s going to see you.† I whisper back. â€Å"Okay fine.† She focuses back on her textbook. â€Å"Is he still staring?† I asked a minute later. â€Å"I thought you didn’t want to know.† She teased me. â€Å"Just check!† I see her glance behind me once again. â€Å"Yup. He’s still staring.† The bell rings for class change and I gather my stuff and walk out the door with Della still gushing aboutRead More Graduation Speech Essay1196 Words   |  5 PagesGood evening. Some of you out there may not realize this but those of you who attended Suntime Middle School have been with this guy for the last seven years. 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Taking a cup Will asked â€Å"After school can I go to Ethan s house† â€Å"Sure† replied Will s dad â€Å"As long as you make sure that you arrive home tonight at 7 o clock.† â€Å"I will† replied Will as he tookRead MoreInterviewer : How Many Of You Are Ready For Manifestation?1681 Words   |  7 PagesInterviewer: How many of you are ready for manifestation? Audience: Yeah. Interviewer: Now, these three meeting can be the turning point in your entire financial affair. Reception is so important. Being able to receive when things is being put out. You have to know how to cherish and honor revelation. If you do, it will come forth at a greater dimension, are you listening? We, the apostolic network we’re working now with churches around the world, have come to understand three governmentsRead MoreSample Debut1928 Words   |  8 Pagesyears, but today I am more concerned with this amazing party that we are all at right now. It’s no secret that this party has been absolutely amazing so far. But there are a lot of people, whom without the help or attendance could not have made this night possible. As many of you know, I have a gigantic family. But unfortunately, distance keeps some of them away from being in my life daily. Which is why I am so thankful for all the families who have flown out or driven out from Seattle, Chicago andRead MoreSample Wedding Reception Script2818 Words   |  12 Pagesprayer. Let us all stand, bow down our heads and put ourselves in the presence of God. B: In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, Amen. 1. Opening Prayer Heavenly Father, Love has been your richest and greatest gift to this world. Love between a man and a woman which matures into marriage. Today, we celebrate that love. Lord for the joy of this occasion, we thank You. For Your presence here and now and at all times, we thank You. Protect, guideRead MoreWalt Oswald s The Lucky Rabbit Is No Longer Yours1467 Words   |  6 PagesWalt, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit is no longer yours. We have bought it from you, said Bob Ledington, the head of Universal. Wait, what do you mean Oswald isn t mine anymore? I asked. Bob said, Universal has retained the rights of Oswald and we have hired away all of the employees. You can stay with Universal if you like, but you would get a lower salary. I d rather leave, but thanks for the offer, I said. I had to come up with another cartoon to call mine. An animator that stayed with meRead More What If They Ending Me?1697 Words   |  7 Pageswould you know?† â€Å"They let you stick around for this long. What makes you think they’re gonna back down now?† Prompto looked up to finally meet (Y/N) with a small smile, finding solace in her words. â€Å"Yeah, I guess,† he finally spoke and breathed a sigh of relief. â€Å"Sorry I got so serious there.† â€Å"It’s fine,† she dismissed with a light shake of her head. â€Å"I get how you feel†¦ When you have someone that matters in your life who validates your existence, you’d do anything for them. Even if you have toRead MoreCreative Writing : Essay 1110 Words   |  5 Pagesentitled parents who shout at you to fulfil their every desire. Are you trying to scare me? Yes. This job is not easy... but youll be fine as long as you remember the customer is always right. Even if they sabotage their food just to get a free meal. - Seriously? That happens? - Yes, some do it as a hobby. Theres this one regular - I swear, he always makes sure he finds hair in his food. Ill be patient. As long as I can take some money home. I want to save all my tips. - Save for what? -Read More Graduation Speech: Our Journey Essay1489 Words   |  6 Pages After raising and nurturing each individual in a very personal way, it was in Gods perfect plan for all of us to finally bring the twelve of us together at Johnson Academy and to make it part of our journeys to cross our paths with one another. If it were not for this school, many of us probably would not have known each other. We are living evidences that God has been at work in us all along from the beginning, because just the fact that people we dont know, know the same God, are living for

Teaching As A Career Option - 1877 Words

Introduction In 2013, roughly one-in-four public school classrooms was led by a male teacher. That meant that, despite pupils of these schools reflecting the same demographics our society is made up of, the majority of the adults interacting with them on a day-to-day basis were women. Young men and boys working on their educations were limited in the amount of male role models they had to look up to, which aided in the discouragement men faced while considering education as a career option. Other hindrances included pay rates, validity of the career status, and stereotypes that went along with male teachers. As society progresses and education evolves, our need for more male teachers has only gotten larger, as the rates of men choosing†¦show more content†¦Because a female teacher could be hired for a third of the price of a male one, education reformers cleverly marketed teaching as a position only suited for women (Johnson 2008, p.4) Eventually, this ideal formed much of what was the p opular opinion of the general public. According to the National Education Association’s â€Å"Ranking Estimates,† male teachers only occupied 23.8% of public school educators in the United States (2015). This average was slightly higher than the average of 2013 (23.7%). Education changed from a profession only for men to a field that is mostly comprised of women. Reasons Men Do Not Become Teachers When surveyed, future educators were asked what prevented them from pursuing elementary education as a career. Of all the men surveyed, four common problems made them hesitant to pursue education. These four problems were salary, contact with children, status, and stereotypes of having a job in a predominantly female field (Patrick, 2009, p.7). Salary As An Impediment to Prospective Male Teachers One reason men were reluctant to go into the education field is because of the associated pay. Education required long, tireless work that was not adequately compensate. The 2014 salary for a teacher was anywhere from $40,023 to $76,409 with consideration that states with higher costs of living, like New York and Massachusetts, gave teachers a higher salary (National

Unintended Consequences Of The State Prison System

Inadvertent Consequences According to Krisberg and Taylor-Nicholson, state budget cuts, lowering prison over-crowding, and improving corrections are the underlying reasons for the policy shift. Although â€Å"county custody costs (county jail) may be somewhat lower than state prison costs, shifting the custody and supervision costs of selected offender groups to the county will only cut spending in state prisons,† and may fail to lower the overall costs of corrections in California (Owen Mobley, 2012, p. 47). Whereas the state prison system seems to be progressing toward its population-reduction goal, â€Å"this measure is shortsighted and somewhat deceiving† because a â€Å"corresponding rise in county jail populations will continue California’s†¦show more content†¦That bodes ill for keeping ex-inmates from returning to crime,† as Joan Petersilia stated (as cited in Owen Mobley, 2012, p. 47). County jails are not equipped to â€Å"manage the influx of more prisoners, and for longer periods of time, as well as provide ‘evidence-based’ rehabilitative programs,† which has serious implications for confinement conditions and for the overall success or failure of Realignment (Owen Mobley, 2012, p. 47). Even before the Realignment Act, California jails were struggling with â€Å"crowding, court-ordered ordered caps on their populations, antiquated facilities and few programs† (Owen Mobley, 2012, p. 48). Counties are limited in their ability to address these concerns because of county-level budget cuts. AB 109 has other inadvertent consequences for parole and probation. Both probation and parole violators will serve their sentence in a county jail if their probation or parole is revoked. Although the state parole population is declining, county probation caseloads are increasing. The CDCR seriously underestimated how many â€Å"non-non-nons† would go to each county after six months (Owen Mobley, 2012, p. 48). County probation officers are currently supervising AB 109 inmates in significant numbers despite that rehabilitative programs and services are lacking. Incarceration Alternatives Counties will have to utilize alternative strategies to stabilize the increasing jail

Different Health Systems Free Essays

The healthcare system of the United States is commonly associated with state-of-the-art hospitals and highly-trained physician. However, the general performance of the U. S. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Health Systems or any similar topic only for you Order Now healthcare system has been determined to be a less than that of other industrialized countries. Such observation is mainly due to the differences in healthcare systems among states, regions and health administrations. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is a socialized healthcare system managed by the government. It provides varied healthcare support to veterans or ex-officio military servicemen and their families. Survey shows that approximately 83% of VHA patients are satisfied with the healthcare that they have received. In addition, survey depicts that 69% of the patients were treated within 20 minutes of their appropriate appointment with their physician (DeNavas-Walt et al. , 2005). Also, approximately 93% of the patients participating in the survey indicate that they had seen a specialist within the last 30 days. Such observations show that the Veterans Health Administration provides an exemplary system of healthcare, much better than the private sector. However, it also could mean that the VHA is associated with more costly healthcare rates than the other healthcare systems such as the Military Health system and the private sector. This characteristic compensates for the types of members that would avail of the VHA benefits, who are actually veterans, which are commonly composed of older, sicker and illness-susceptible individuals. In addition, these veterans are generally poorer, homeless and victims of substance abuse, which represents a major difference from the major population in the United States. It has been estimated that more than 50% of the VHA enrollees are above 65 years of age. The private sector’s healthcare system is mostly focused on intervention-based healthcare, which means that the physician will generally treat a patient who is already suffering from a particular illness (Frogner and Anderson, 2006). Such system is thus less costly than the VHA system, because the patients enrolled in the private sector will only resort to requesting medical attention when the need arises. In the private sector healthcare system, health insurance is generally bought by the employer on behalf of its employees The VHA system, on the other hand, follows the prevention approach to health care, which involves providing checkups and education to its veteran patients in order to avoid more serious illness in the future. The Military Health System, on the other hand, provides healthcare to individuals who are currently active in the military service, including members of their family. The benefits of the Military Health system falls under the blanket coverage known as the Tricare, which is almost identical to that of the private sector’s system of healthcare management (Smith et al. , 2005). Here the enrollee pays a small portion of the total cost of the healthcare service, such as 20% of a surgery, for example, and the other 80% is paid for my the Military Health System. Each visit to the physician, just like the private sector’s healthcare system, is associated with a small co-payment, such as $10 per visit, regardless of specialization of the doctor to which consultation was made. The mission of a healthcare system is to provide medical services at the lowest practical price and at the same time, with the best feasible quality. The integration of electronic medical records in the Veterans Health Administration has provided a model for the other healthcare system to follow suit. In addition, the private sector has also use the VHA’s mission in providing prevention-based medical services, instead of just intervention-based services. References DeNavas-Walt C, Proctor B and Lee C (2005):   Income, Poverty and Health Insurance in the United States: 2004.   Washington, D.C.: U.S. Census Bureau. Frogner BK and Anderson GF (2006):   Multinational comparisons of health systems data, 2005.   New York: The Commonwealth Fund. Smith C, Cowan C and Sensenig A (2005):   Health Spending Growth Slows in 2003.   Health Affairs   24(1):185–94. How to cite Different Health Systems, Papers

Energy use of Wesfarmers Resources

Question: Describe about the Energy use of Wesfarmers Resources. Answer: Introduction The objective of the paper is to conduct the sustainability performance analysis of Wesfarmers Resources Company in part A of the report. Wesfarmer Resources Limited serves as an Australian conglomerate that has its headquarter in Perth, Western Australia along with interests predominantly with New Zealand and Australian retail (Carroll and Buchholtz, 2014). The company also has its business operations in chemicals, coal mining, fertilizers along with industrial, and safety products. Wesfarmers Resources has a leading and sustainable business as a metallurgical coal manufacturer and supplier of thermal coal in domestic generation of power. In part, B, Fuji Xerox Limited Companys sustainability report comparison in two nations will also be conducted. Fuji Xerox and its associated affiliated companies believe that corporate social responsibility must be vital to offer superior consumer services (Frias?Aceituno et al. 2013). The differences in the guidelines used for its Japan and Australian reports will be evaluated for the years 2014 and 2015. Part C of the paper will consider gaining conclusion and recommendations based on the sustainability report of Wesfarmer Resources Company and Fuji Xerox. Finally, part D will present a reflective journal on the personal development that has been gained through the completion of sustainability report analysis of West farmer Resources Company and Fuji Xerox. Part A 1. Assessment and comparison of the sustainability reports of Wesfarmers of 2014 and 2015 with respect to the G4 GRI guidelines: According to the viewpoint of the management of Wesfarmers, only improving the financial performance of the organization is not sufficient to deliver maximum value to the shareholders. Instead, the five key sustainability areas of reporting are essential in order to provide maximum returns to the shareholders. In the words of Alonso?Almeida, Llach and Marion (2014), the sustainability areas comprise of people, community support, environment, carbon and energy, economic contribution and governance. In order to compare the sustainability reporting performance of Wesfarmers, the following aspects are taken into consideration in relation to the G4 GRI guidelines: Economic aspect: Wesfarmers Resources provides a number of necessary services to its staffs and families in the local communities of its operations. This is achieved through open communication and continual engagement to extend support to these communities. As a result, it has positive influence on the lives of the people living in the local communities. In this regard, Bebbington, Unerman and O'Dwyer (2014) cited that extension of support to the local communities helps in contributing to the development of a nation and the economy as a whole. The most notable undertaking of Wesfarmers Resources in 2014, the company has undertaken a new plan to contribute to the economy of Australia by supporting the local communities. It has been named as Currish, which involves allocation of community investment funds to encourage the community organizations for future planning. This could be made through application of funds and in-kind support via grants program. Curragh has developed a committee comprising of employees, who possess adequate knowledge about the needs of the local communities. The financial support that has been provided through this program amounts to $46,900 to 22 local community organization between the period of January-June in 2014 (Wesresources.com.au 2016). The organizations, which have been highly benefitted from this program, include Royal Flying Doctors Service and Riding for the Disabled Backwater and Black water PCYC. However, in 2015, no notable program has been initiated; instead, the organization has continued with its Curragh program to provide employment opportunities to the indigenous woman. Therefore, the contribution to the economy of Australia has been slowed down in 2015 in contrast to 2014. As per the category 6 of the GRI G4 guidelines, an organization needs to disclose the generated economic value comprising of revenues, employee compensation and other community investments. In addition, the guidelines need to cover detailed benefit plan obligations from the investment made (Globalreporting.org 2016). In this case, Wesfarmers Resources has made all the necessary disclosures in order to comply with the GRI G4 guidelines. Figure 1: Wesfarmers Resources Contribution to the local communities (Source: Wesresources.com.au 2016) Environmental aspect: Wesfarmers Resources acknowledge the potential risks arising out of climate change and take actions for minimizing the possible influence on operations due to increased rainfall and flooding. Therefore, the organization has concentrated on minimizing greenhouse gas efficiency through improved energy efficiency process. In the year 2014, the organization has bought materials that emit less chemicals and hazardous substances in order to maintain the environmental sustainability. In this context, Boyd and Golden (2016) stated that use of sustainable resources helps in minimizing the negative impact on the community along with ensuring sustainable flow of operations. In addition, it has been observed that the Curragh mine of Wesfarmers Resources utilizes mobile lighting to carry out its night operations in 2014. Such units have been extremely expensive to run, since they have high emissions and difficulties in maintaining the same (Eccles et al. 2012). In order to minimize such negative impact on the environment, the managers of Curragh mine in 2014 undertook investigations for improving the lighting technology to improve the availability of units. In the words of Fonseca, McAllister and Fitzpatrick (2014), such improvement is of utmost importance in minimizing the greenhouse gas emissions, operating costs and the availability of units. Therefore, these new units have been set up in the year 2015 by replacing the previous 28 metal halide lighting units. The numbers of units introduced are 21 LED units. With the help of these new units, Wesfarmers Resources has been able to minimize the usage of fuel by nearly 700,000L per year. As a result, the annual operating cost of the organization has been minimized by $760,000 with reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of approximately 2,000 tones CO2e (Ioannou and Serafeim 2014). Figure 2: Energy use of Wesfarmers Resources (Source: Wesresources.com.au 2016) The above graph illustrates the energy use of Wesfarmers Resources for the years 2011-2015. It is evident that the organization has switched to make sustainable use of resources for minimizing the negative impact on the environment and related communities. As per the guidelines of GRI G4, an organization needs to disclose its greenhouse gas emission-related data, use of energy efficient resources and introduction of new units. Therefore, Wesfarmers Resources has followed all the relevant guidelines in making the environmental disclosures associated with sustainability reporting. Social aspect: The mining operations possess serious threat to the employees involved in such activities and the society as a whole (Hahn and Khnen 2013). In order to minimize such activities, the organization has undertaken necessary controls and measures to ensure the safety of the workers and the community as a whole. The organization has implemented the Curragh code of business conduct to maintain the integrity and ethics while engaging in dealings. The organization provides employment opportunities to the small organizations of the local communities that intend to help the society. Moreover, Wesfarmers Resources has implemented a whistle blower policy, which could be accessed on the part of the staffs to maintain the highest governance standards. This has been implemented in the year 2014 and the same process has been followed in the year 2015. According to GRI G4 guidelines, the social aspects could be divided into the following sub-categories: Amenities and infrastructure: Curragh mine of Wesfarmers Resources takes and releases waterfrom the Mackenzie River; however, it follows the water management practices strictly. The organization provides a complete overview on the river system to maintain the amenities and infrastructure of the river system. In addition, the organization is involved in reporting conditions of the marine environment; thus, providing relevant information about the amenities and infrastructure, which is prepared in accordance with the GRI G4 guidelines (Idowu et al. 2013). Social and cultural life: The organization has also relied stress on protecting the biodiversity of the eco-systems in order to protect flora and fauna on-site for accomplishing its conditions of environmental approval. In order to compensate the loss of 220 hectares of land in Brigalow ecological community, Wesfarmers Resources has provided an offset area (Lvehagen and Bondesson 2013). The Department of Natural Resources and Mining is a voluntary apparatus for protecting the areas of vegetation. Curragh has been working with the landholders now to prevent soil erosion, ensure fire management practices and rehabilitation, when deemed necessary. Thus, it has made all the relevant disclosures in accordance with the GRI G4 guidelines. Voice and influence: Wesfarmers Resources has been involved in entering into a partnership with the Australian Indigenous Mentoring Experience (AIME). This program is mainly intended to increase the opportunities for indigenous children completing high school. The partnership was formed in July 2013 and the program has been continuing until date. The organization aims to provide coaching principles and mentoring to involve the students belonging to indigenous high school for excelling in their career. It has been observed that the indigenous students have increased from 4% in 2012 to 22% in 2015 for attending the university. Thus, the organization has made relevant social disclosures in compliance with the GRI G4 guidelines (McKinnon et al. 2015). Space to grow: Currgah mine of Wesfarmers Resources has been involved in empowering indigenous woman for helping them to excel in their future. In order to empower indigenous woman, the woman has been involved in providing employment opportunities to disadvantaged indigenous woman in Central Queensland. Thus, it provides a space to the indigenous woman in the year 2014 and 2015 to grow in their lives. Most relevant guideline to Wesfarmers: Based on the above discussion, the most relevant guideline for Wesfarmers Resources would comprise of the environment aspects, as laid out in the GRI G4 guidelines. Since, this is a mining industry is based on use of different energy resources and emission of greenhouse gases, It has been found that the necessary disclosures are made in the years 2014 and 2015 in accordance with the GRI G4 guidelines (Sharifi and Murayama 2014). In addition, following the environmental guidelines will help in fulfilling the expectations of the shareholders, since reduction in emission of greenhouse gas emissions will ensure sustainability reporting. Targets in the report: The main targets of Wesfarmers Resources in its sustainability report include fall in the greenhouse gas emissions through removal of mobile lighting technology. Curragh mine of the organization has installed LED lighting units in order to minimize the emissions of greenhouse gases through sustainable use of resources. In addition, it also aims to empower the indigenous children completing their high schools. The percentage has increased from 4% in 2012 to 22% in 2015, which shows that the target of Wesfarmers Resources has been successfully achieved (Morrison-Saunders and Pope 2013). Self-declared level of adherence and its appropriateness: In accordance guidelines as stated by GSI states that the companies preparing their sustainability reports are required to identify the major determinants that falls under the General Standard Disclosures. The primary form of such standard disclosures comprises of strategy, analysis of operations, the sets of organizational composition prevalent in the organization (Globalreporting.org 2016). This is to be followed with the disclosures pertaining to stakeholder engagement, ethics, integrity, and governance in the functioning of the organization. Finally, the report profile as regards to the sets of disclosure undertaken by the company in its annual report, sustainability reports is to be taken into consideration for adhering to the in accordance guidelines. Wesfarmers Resources identifies several factors that it feels as material in reference to its businesses. The factors that the company identifies as relevant comprises of safety, water extraction, bio diversity, climate change (wesfarmers.com.au 2016). Moreover, the company emphasizes upon providing support to communities along with maintaining safety of its various stakeholders. The company discloses the fact those in terms of emissions, the companys overall emissions has increased by over 16%. Moreover, in terms of road safety, the company has minimized the recordable rate in relation to frequency of injury in order to facilitate enhancement of health and safety measures undertaken by the company. In terms of good corporate governance, the company has initiated measures to improve the transparency. However, there has been no visible set of measure to increase gender diversity in the management. Moreover, the overall degree of disclosure in regards to the adherence to ethical guidel ines and business operations providing integrity has been minimal. The company has provided satisfactory disclosures as regards to its company strategies in relation to the investment in newer mining quarries, its prospective sets of investments onto renewable energy sources. The functioning of different sets of committee over-viewing the functional activities of the company has been disclosed in the different sets of reports prepared by Wesfarmers Resources (Alonso?Almeida 2014). In terms of report profile, the company has failed towards providing data as regards to material facts. Further, with respect of material facts the data provided can be construed as minimal. Guidelines followed in preparing the report: The company in accordance with the guidelines specified by the GSI in order to facilitate the contribution of the company has prepared the sustainability reports. The disclosures that have been made in the annual statements of the company have been prepared in accordance with the Corporations Act. Moreover, the participation of the company in several environmentally sustainable programs has been facilitated through the disclosures made in accordance with the UN Global Compact by the company. The company has been a participant in UN Global Compact from 22 April 2015 (Unglobalcompact.org 2015). Verification of the report and scope of the assurance: The Chairman and Managing Directors of the company have verified the sustainability reports as regards to the company. Management has provided the assurance as regards to the sustainability initiatives undertaken by the company. However, lack of assurance in terms of verification by external auditors as regards to such sustainable policies can hinder the overall evaluation of transparency. Part B Being an employee of consumer watch group comparison on the sustainability reporting by Fujju Xerox Australia Pty Limited is carried out in this section. It was observed that Fuji Xerox released a sustainability report in the year 2014 in Australia. However, in the year 2015, the company decided to release its sustainability report through its head office in Japan. Certain differences in the guidelines employed for disclosure and reporting was observed in its sustainability reports from Japan and Australia. Fuji Xerox Comparison Difference in Guidelines employed in Sustainability Report of 2014 and 2015 The sustainability report of Fuji Xerox was prepared by the company in alliance with the key G4 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines of thee international reporting initiatives. Certain difference has been observed in the sustainability reports regarding disclosure of its non-financial information. The guidelines that the company used in its sustainability report in the year 2014 is found to be quite different from the companys sustainability report in the year 2015. The sustainability report of the company in this year was prepared in compliance with the concepts of G4 sustainability reporting guidelines. Moreover, the company also conferred with the 2012 edition of the Japanese ministry of the guideless regarding Environmental Reporting. The general standard disclosures such as G4-1 offered a statement from the most senior decision-maker of the company regarding the importance of sustainable to the company and its strategy for dealing with the sustainability (Bebbington et al. 2014) . G4-2 offered an elaboration of major risks, impacts, as well as opportunities to the company in the year 2014. However, in the year 2015 the G4 GRI guidelines of Fuji Xerox were observed to be quite distinct from its sustainability report released from Australia in the year 2014. In alignment to such GRI guidelines, the company considered to review the standard disclosures recently and identify any issue that can need further work other the three aspects mentioned in its report produced in Japan. In this report of 2015, the company adhered with certain different G4 guidelines such as under G4-33 the company-released report on the organizations policy and the recent practice in consideration to gaining external assurance for the report. Factors Causing Different (2015) Influences in Reports Produced in Australia (2014) and Japan The sustainability report of 2014 and 2015 of Fuji Xerox are different as in 2014, Fuji Xerox Australia Pty Ltd released a sustainability report whereas the sustainability report of 2015 was released from the head office of Fuji from Japan. It is seen that there has been a significant amount of changes in the guidelines used in the preparation of the report. This is due to various factors, which are different for both Australia and Japan. These factors will be discussed as follows: Environmental Impact: The environment in Australia is different from Japan due to climatic changes and topographical transformations. Therefore, it is seen that the guidelines and method of preparation varies from both the countries (Morrison-Saunders, and Pope, 2013). Community: The community and the society where the report is being prepared have different perspective towards sustainable development and thus the guidelines are prepared accordingly. The community plays a vital role and therefore the report prepared is according to the interests of the society. Culture: The culture plays a pivotal role for the preparation of the report and therefore, it is seen that the culture functioning in Australia is different from Japan. The functioning of an organization takes place according to the culture prevailing in the country so that it becomes easier for the customers to understand the validity of the report. Health and Wellbeing: The health and wellbeing of the citizens living in both the countries are different and therefore it is seen that the report of 2014 and 2015 are different. The employees working in the organization in Japan and Australia have different health issues and therefore the report is prepared according to the health proposition of the employees. Financial Factor: It is also seen that the investment and the percentage change in the financial procedure is different for both the countries as the investors functioning in both the countries have different perspectives. Therefore, the level of investment will differ from country to country thus altering the guidelines of Fuji Australia Pty Ltd 2014 from the report prepared by Fuji Xerox 2015 in Japan (Sharifi, and Murayama, 2014) Comparison and Evaluation of the Companys 2014 and 2015 Sustainability Report Considering G4 GRI Guidelines There have been significant changes in the sustainability report of the organization in 2014 and 2015 due to the preparation of the report in different countries. The reports are prepared considering the Global Reporting Initiative. It is a standard prepared to help the organizations to understand and communicate their effects on different issues affecting the organization. The standards of the guidelines are created so that the third parties can evaluate the environmental effects from the operations of the organization. The performance indicators focus on the environmental, social, and economical aspects of an organization (Carroll, and Buchholtz, 2014). According to the G4 GRI guidelines, Fuji Xerox has prepared their sustainability reports for the year 2014 and 2015. The report in 2014 was prepared with the Australian perspective and thus the report deals with the problems occurring in Australia. On the other hand, the report in 2015 is prepared considering he problems in Japan. The report in 2015 is prepared looking after the welfare of the customers, global and local environment, employees, suppliers, the local society etc. The report aims to educate the future generations and conserving the cultures and information of the country. The report aims to support the reconstruction of the places affected by the Japan Earthquake. It also aims to strengthen the corporate social responsibility introduction in the production unit o the company. It helps to reduce the CO2 emissions from the customers. It tries to develop a human resource and an environment with a diversified work force. This report is based on Japan (Lvehagen, and Bondesson, 2013). The 2014 report comprising of the country Australia is concerned about transforming the business according to the changing environment, procuring the responsibility, creating cultural harmony within the country. It also aims to attract the right talented people from the society and tries to train them to maximize its productivity. The well-being of the society and the employees are also taken under scrutiny and develops a society and environment. This is healthy and harmonious. Part C Based on the GRI guidelines analysis of wesfarmers it was gathered that several unit of westfarmes attempted to enhance the lighting technology in order to enhance the accessibility of the units. This attested to reduce early costs savings of the company as well as annual emission of the harmful greenhouse resources. Following such strategies, the company intended to comply with the GRI G4 guidelines in maintaining corporate social responsibility. Based on the sustainability report analysis of Wesfarmers Resources Company, certain recommendations are recommended that will ensure better adherence to sustainability and corporate governance guidelines (Boyd and Golden, 2016). The company is recommended to revise its general and specific standards regarding supply chain. Moreover, the company is recommended to comply with general standard governance disclosures and ethics and integrity disclosures. From the sustainability report analysis of Fuji Xerox, company in alignment with the GRI G4 guidelines indicated that in the sustainability the guidelines that the company used in its sustainability report in the year 2014 is found to be quite different from the companys sustainability report in the year 2015. Based on the sustainability report of 2014 it was gathered that G4-2 offered an elaboration of major risks, impacts as well as opportunities to the company in the year 2014. However, in the year 2015 the G4 GRI guidelines of Fuji Xerox was observed to be quite distinct from its sustainability report released from Australia in the year 2014. Based on the sustainability report analysis of Fuji Xerox Company, certain recommendations are recommended that will ensure better adherence to sustainability and corporate governance guidelines. The company is recommended to report CHG emissions and energy based standard disclosures in both Japanese and Australian sustainability reports (Ha hn and Llfs 2014). Moreover, both its Australian and Japanese sustainability report must adhere with specific G4 guidelines in order to comply with effective sustainability regulations such as strategy and analysis, organizational profile, labor practices and efficient decent work and human rights as well as society. Part D The evaluation of the sustainability reports of Wesfarmers Company and Fuji Xerox send as a great assessment technique in developing skills for my personal as well as professional future. The assessment tasks increased my understanding on the capability to locate as well as interpret information. From the evaluation of the sustainability reporting of both the companies I came to learn that a focus on sustainability a facilitate a company to manage their social and environmental effects along with enhancing their operational efficiency. Part A and Part B of the assignment increased my understanding on the relevance of GRI requirements and evaluation on the use of the GRI guidelines was followed. This enhanced the disclosure of the companies from the year 2014 to 2015. Both the assessments tasks completed in Part A and Part B increased my understanding on certain important GRI guidelines concept, necessary principles, corporate governance stakeholders, moral and ethical obligations, an d corporate social responsibility. Sustainability report analysis of Fuji Xerox and Wesfarmer Resources Company based on GRI guidelines enhanced my knowledge on the Australian corporate governance and its possible impact on committee and board functions and structure along with the organizations officers training, behavior and induction in order to safeguard the interests of all the stakeholders involved in the business. Evaluation of the GRI guidelines use by both the companies helped me to gain knowledge on the principles of efficient corporate governance s ell as corporate disclosure needs. Several major theories and concepts regarding aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) became clear after the evaluation of the sustainability reports of both the companies for the year 2014 and 2015. The learning outcomes gathered from the competition of both the assessment tasks well help me in implementing such knowledge in the real world situations. The understanding on the GRI guidelines importance in preparation of sustainability reports through both the assessment tasks in Part A and Part B will be effectively used in the workplace. Moreover, such learning outcomes will help me in better evaluation of the sustainability position of the companies and will efficiently help me in justifying the decisions I make in consideration to the gathered information. Conclusion The objective of the paper is to conduct the sustainability performance analysis of Wesfarmers Resources Company and Fuji Xerox. Additionally, the differences in the guidelines used for both the companys reports were evaluated for the years 2014 and 2015. Reflective journal on the personal development has been gained through the completion of sustainability report analysis of Wesfarmer Resources Company and Fuji Xerox. From the report, it was gathered that the sustainability report of Fuji Xerox was prepared by the company in alliance with the key G4 Sustainability Reporting Guidelines of thee international reporting initiatives. Certain difference has been observed in the sustainability reports regarding disclosure of its non-financial information. The guidelines that the company used in its sustainability report in the year 2014 is found to be quite different from the companys sustainability report in the year 2015. Moreover, from the both its Australian and Japanese sustainability report must adhere with specific G4 guidelines in order to comply with effective sustainability regulations such as strategy and analysis, organizational profile, labor practices and efficient decent work and human rights as well as society. 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