Artificial Insemination 4

Fernando P. Andrada II, PTRP, RN May 13, 2009 BIOETHICS ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION A. Historical Milleu of the development of the bioethical issue The reproductive revolution is upon us. The past half-century has seen the development of reproductive technologies previous generations could not even imagine. The term reproductive technology refers to various medical procedures that are designed to alleviate infertility, or the inability of a couple to produce a child of their own. These include artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization (or â€Å"test-tube† babies), and surrogate motherhood. These technologies have radically expanded human control over the biological process, and have been designed both to prevent and to achieve successful pregnancy. When successful, these technologies are the miracle of life for couples who have often spent years trying to have a child, and who have exhausted all other avenues for conceiving a child of their own. We are so often amazed how science and medicine have brought human reproduction to new heights. It is not uncommon for us to hear news about a mother giving birth to multiple babies, national geographic and discovery channels showing the process of human reproduction in a laboratory, and the likes, that leave us in awe â€Å"Nakakabilib, and galing naman† is what we often say . But should we accept these technologies as it is. What we often see is already the end of a means. Have we dared assessing the morality of such means? While this new reproductive technologies give great hope to infertile couples and make many new reproductive arrangements possible, they also raise many difficult and complex moral issues and questions. What is the morality of these procedures? What does it mean to separate conception from the act of sexual union? To whom should these technologies be made available? What is the moral status of the fertilized embryos? Those who dismiss these questions as irrelevant or inconsequential show disrespect for human dignity and human life. B. Presentation of the bioethical issue and other related ideas/ issue Definition and Types of Artificial Insemination Artificial Insemination – refers to an assisted method of reproduction in which a man’s semen is deposited into the woman’s reproductive tract through the use of instruments to bring about conception unattained or unattainable by natural fertile intercourse. Two basic types of A. I. 1. Homologous insemination/ AIH – semen is obtained from the husband a. 2 methods employed: i. Homologous artificial insemination – a technique used to facilitate human conception through the transfer into a woman’s vagina of the sperm previously extracted from her husband ii. Homologous in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer(ET) – a technique used to facilitate human conception through in vitro fertilization of the generative cells (sperm and ovum) of couple followed by transfer of the newly conceived embryo into the wife’s uterus for gestation. b. Justification for AIH: i. Husband’s impotence ii. Anatomical defects of husband’s urethra iii. Oligospermia – deficient sperm count iv. Some types of spinal injury, and certain physical and psychological problems that hinder normal intercourse. v. Husbands with previous vasectomy for contraceptive purposes who decides to have a child using his stored semen vi. Physiological obstruction in the genital apparatus in virtue of which sperm cannot the ovum in the oviduct 2. Heterologous Insemination /AID –a technique in which the semen is acquired from a donor other than the husband a. 2 methods i. Heterologous artificial insemination – obtain human conception through the transfer into the genital tracts of the wife of a sperm previously extracted from a donor other than the husband. ii. Heterologous IVF and ET – a technique used to obtain human conception through in vitro fertilization of the generative cells (sperm and ovum) taken from at least one donor other that the two spouses in marriage b. Justification for AID i. Husband is sterile ii. Husband carrier of a hereditary disease iii. Wife’s oocytes are defective or also a carrier of a hereditary dse. The Issues 1. Is it morally permissible to procreate outside marriage? 2. Is it morally permissible to separate conception from the act of sexual union? 3. Is it morally permissible to allow fertilization outside the womb? 4. Is it morally permissible to allow a couple to use AI as justification for childlessness? C. Application of Ethical Theories a. Pro-ideas regarding Artificial Insemination Situational Ethics (Fletcher 1954) endorses AI as â€Å"our right to overcome childlessness. Marital Fidelity is more than a legal requirement or a sexual monopoly. It is rather a personal agreement nourished by love for each other which is fulfilled in ensuring that a child born into this world by whatever means. Under Utilitarianism, AIH and AID may promote more good than harm, more happiness than unhappiness, more pleasure than pain for a childless couple. The eugenic justification of AIH (i. e. to prevent the birth of potentially defective child, thus improving the human race) is in conjunction with the principle of greatest happiness for the greatest number. To minimize suffering instead of aggravating it seems to be the rationale in AIH. For a moral pragmatist, AI is the most practical, beneficial, and useful technique to be undertaken by spouses who are beset with the problems of impotence, hereditary disorders, defective genes, and anatomical defects. The decision however must be optional and volitional. What is practical and workable to one individual may not be the case to another. Its practicality must be gauged on a case –to – case basis. b. Anti- ideas regarding Artificial Insemination According to Natural law Ethics, artificial insemination, whether it is within the bounds of marriage or not, is considered immoral. AI is immoral within marriage. More so, if when it is done outside marriage. Worst is when AI is done by a donor. Natural ethicians consider AI to be immoral, insofar as the AI child is not the fruit of the conjugal act as an expression of personal love. Fertilization is more than a mere union of to germs, the sperm and egg, which can be brought about artificially. And that the conjugal act which is planned and willed by nature needs a personal cooperation of both spouses who are joined together in marriage. In marriage, AI by a donor is substantially an adulterous procedure. The element of adultery technically resides in the use and placement of semen into the body of a woman from a man who is not her lawfully wedded husband. This procedure is detrimental to the unitive property of marriage. Only marriage partners have mutual rights over their bodies for the procreation of a new life, and these rights are exclusive, non-transferable and inalienable. Moreover, the husband has neither a moral nor a legal right to give anyone permission to inseminate his wife. Nature imposes on whoever gives life to an infant the task of its preservation and education. Impotency and sterility are also not excusable reasons for the moral justification of artificial insemination. Morally, no amount of good intention and surrounding circumstance however great can make an objectively evil act good. The end does not justify the means. D. Personal Critique on Artificial Insemination The Church’s teachings are reflected in my stand on this bioethical issue of Human Artificial Insemination (A. I. ). While you may say that choosing it is a convenient way for me to justify my stand, because we know that using these teachings silence many of other reasons. On the contrary, I used this as my guide in deciding on difficult moral issues because I believe that these teachings truly demonstrate great reverence for life. Procreation must be within the bounds of marriage. And procreation is the fruit of a conjugal act which is an act of love in which two people are united â€Å"in one flesh. † It is from this act which expresses it that human procreation is meant to result. This is God's design for human procreation. Marital love is essential to human procreation and thus they are inseparable. It is not just an act by which two life germs are united. In artificial insemination procreation is separated from this conjugal act and thus it what makes A. I. morally not permissible even within marriage. Separating human procreation from conjugal love and reducing it to the union of two germ cells also depersonalizes and dehumanizes it. Artificial insemination by a donor is more immoral than homologous insemination. So-called donor insemination was not considered morally acceptable since it involved an invasion of the marriage bond. Techniques that use eggs or sperm from someone outside the married couple are unacceptable as they do not respect the marriage bond and also deny the child the right to be born of a mother and father known to him. Impotency and sterility are also not excusable reasons for the moral justification of artificial insemination. Morally, no amount of good intention and surrounding circumstance however great can make an objectively evil act good. The end does not justify the means. The desire for a child — a completely legitimate desire of the married people — does not prove that artificial insemination is legitimate because it would satisfy such a desire . A defect of nature may be corrected. But, if the defect is beyond the possibility of correction as it is irreversible, nothing can be done but to just leave it to its own course. Spouses who find themselves in this situation must not forget that even when procreation is not possible, conjugal life does not for this reason lose its value. It can be the occasion for other important services to the life of people, for example adoption, various forms of educational work, and assistance to other families and to poor handicapped children. During the process of in vitro fertilization, because of a great number of failures, women seeking pregnancy by this means receive multiple embryos to ensure its occurrence. Some of these embryos maybe found weaker or with defects are discarded or simply aborted in a process called pregnancy reduction. Such process is plain and simple abortion and therefore has no regard whatsoever on the importance of life. Hence this is definitely morally unacceptable. To summarize, Artificial Insemination is immoral on the following grounds: 1. Arbitrary exclusion of the Marital Act from Procreation – the naturally devised means of transmitting life is no other than the marital act. Now, by AI, the said act is deliberately excluded from procreation and replaced with a medical means ,that is, the insertion of a thin and soft catheter containing sperm into the wife’s reproductive tract – a procedure enormously contrary to nature. . Usurpation of God’s Creative power of Authorship over Life – by its very procedure AI usurps God’s authorship over life through the employment of artificially concocted means other than His designed way of transmitting life. It is also an expression of man’s abusive and manipulative act of going beyond the border of his power of stewardship by , more or less, assuming that which exclusively belongs to God – the power of authorship over life. 3. Against Human Dignity – the claim of a right to the baby’s life implies that the child is an object to own and to possess which reduces him/her to a mere biological property over which one has right thereby violating his/her human dignity, value, and worth. E. Summary and Conclusion: I have nothing against the advances in reproductive technology. Technologies can actually assist nature, or even supply for the deficiencies of nature, and when used for these purposes, they can be commendable rather than objectionable. It is not because technologies are artificial that they are condemned. It is only when they go contrary to moral requirements. In examining technologies for their morality, our interest is not whether they are natural or artificial, but whether they are in violation of God’s design for procreation. The Church recognizes the legitimacy of the desire for a child and understands the suffering of couples struggling with problems of fertility. Such a desire, however, should not override the dignity of every human life to the point of absolute supremacy. The desire for a child cannot justify the â€Å"production† of offspring, just as the desire not to have a child cannot justify the abandonment or destruction of a child once he or she has been conceived. A child is not something owed to one, but is a gift† (No. 2378). It is not a mere piece of property, and, likewise, there is no â€Å"right to a child. † Points that provide a useful orientation in the midst of constant scientific developments. In these cases, there need be no intention of intrauterine monitoring (although there could b e) with a view of abortion should the child conceived suffer from any abnormality. Nor need there be, in these cases, the use of immoral means (masturbation) to obtain the husband's sperm, since it can be retrieved in morally acceptable ways. In these cases there is, apparently, only the intent to help a couple, despite their physical incapacity (either by reason of the husband's low sperm production or the wife's blocked Fallopian tubes) to have a child with whom they ardently desire to share life and to whom they are willing to give a home. Do not such couples have a â€Å"right† to have a child of their own? Why, many people reasonably ask, is it morally bad–indeed a sin, an offense against God Himself–to make use of artificial insemination by the husband and homologous in vitro fertilization in such cases? Is not the Church's position here too rigid, too insensitive to the agonizing plight of involuntarily childless couples who are seeking, by making good use of modern technologies, to realize one of the goods of marriage? Do not married couples in this situation have a right to make use of these methods so that they can have a child of their own? It is definitely true that married men and women have rights (and responsibilities) that nonmarried men and women do not have. They have the right, first of all, to engage in the marital act, that is not simple a genital act between two persons who happen to be married but is an act of interpersonal communion in which they give themselves to one another as husband and wife. In direct contrast to genital sex between an unmarried man and woman which merely joins two individuals who are in principle replaceable, substitutable, disposable, the marital act unites two persons who have made one another absolutely irreplaceable and nonsubstitutable by giving themselves to one another in marriage. In addition, husbands and wives, by giving themselves to one another in marriage, have capacitated themselves, as St. Augustine put it, â€Å"to receive life lovingly, to nourish it humanely, and to educate it religiously,† i. e. , in the love and service of God (cf. De genesi ad literam, 9. 7 PL 34:397). Unmarried men and women to the contrary have not so capacitated themselves. God, in short, wills that human life be given in the marital embrace of husbands and wives not through the random copulation of fornicators and adulterers. pic][pic] [pic] Husbands and wives, thus, have a â€Å"right† to the marital act and to care for life conceived through this act, but they do not have a â€Å"right† to a child. A child is not a thing to which husbands and wives have a right. It is not a product that, by its nature, is necessarily inferior to its producers, rather a child, like its parents. And this is the moral problem with the laboratory generation of human life, in cluding artificial insemination by the husband and the â€Å"simple case† of in vitro fertilization. When a child comes to be in and through the marital act, it is not a product of their act but is â€Å"a gift supervening on and giving permanent embodiment to† the marital act itself (cf. Catholic Bishops [of England and Wales] Committee on Bioethical Issues, In Vitro Fertilization: Morality and Public Policy [London: Catholic Information Services, 1983], n. 23). When human life comes to be through the marital act, we say quite properly that the spouses are â€Å"begetting or procreating,† they are not â€Å"making† anything. The life they receive is â€Å"begotten, not made. â€Å"

Virtual keyboard

There is a wide range of innovative input device selections available in the market today. Most of these input devices are designed for ease of use. Previous devices are usually developed and improved to devise new inventions fitting for the pressing needs of the computer client. In some cases, these brand new gadgets are dispensable, simply for plain entertainment. Browsing through the internet has provided the writer with information about the latest input devices that have swamped the market for gadget finds. I have chosen three different keyboard innovations, putting them side by side, to identify their functionality and efficiency. Through a simple analysis of product descriptions, the value and marketability of each is also identified. The virtual keyboard is a laser technology that takes input through keyboard to a new level. The virtual keyboard is an I-Tech innovation that is merely a projection of the standard keyboard interface. Practically speaking, the virtual keyboard can be cast on any type of surface. This is a perfect companion for laptop, PDA, Pocket PC, and Smart Phones users, accustomed to traveling around. The virtual keyboard works in a complex manner as it processes movements of the hand and the fingers to identify and carry out various keystrokes. Each keystroke is coupled with a tapping sound for a realistic feel.   It does not use up much power because when it is not in use, it vanishes automatically from sight. The virtual keyboard can be connected to any device through USB or Bluetooth connection. The FrogPad mini keyboard is another interesting keyboard device because of its size. Its dimensions are smaller than the regular keyboard dimensions and it has only around 20 functional keys. Like the virtual keyboard, it is also designed for traveling and outdoor use. An interesting fact about the FrogPad mini keyboard is that it is one-handed. Inputting only requires the use of one hand allowing you to do other things while typing. It can be connected to any type of device such as PDA, Laptop, Pocket PC’s, Smart Phones, and other varieties of mobile devices through USB. The FrogPad mini keyboard is widely used in computers installed in vehicles because of its functionality and simply because it saves much space. Its newest development is the FrogPad Bluetooth wireless keyboard. The Step On It keyboard control pedals by Bilbo Innovation, Inc. is a plug and play   keyboard peripheral that makes use of a three electronic pedals in replacement of some keyboard keys, such as the Ctrl, Alt and Shift keys. However, designating other keys to each pedal is allowed, as desired by the user. The objective of the keyboard control pedal is to reduce wrist strains that may have caused by prolonged typing activity. Among the three keyboard innovations listed above, I think the device having the most market potential is the FrogPad mini keyboard. A lot people nowadays are looking for ways to maximize their time and be able to do multiple tasks at the same. The FrogPad mini keyboard enables you to this. As it saves much space, it is also easy to bring anywhere you want to go, through the use of handheld devices and other computers. It also offers a one-handed feature where it permits multi-tasking. It also comes with features like switching left hand and the right hand, and its interface allows users for easy input. The I-tech virtual keyboard comes next with regards to market potential. Aside from its attractive and hi-tech design, it is also practical and functional for people on the go. It is best to use it with handheld devices to save space. The most interesting thing about it is that it each keystroke is accompanied by a real tapping noise similar to the tapping sound in regular keyboard devices. It was creatively designed and well thought of, producing an innovation that captures the attention of the computer client. The Step On It keyboard control pedals are impractical. It results to confusion as it changes the way the keyboard is used. It complicates things because you have to mix the use of your fingers and your feet. I would have to say it has not proved its potential for consumer consumption. References Bilbo, (2007) Step On It! Keyboard Pedals. Retrieved December 4, 2007 from Bilbo Innovations Inc. Website: http://www.bilbo.com/ Fogg, M. (2006) Virtual Laser Keyboard Now Available. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from Overclocl3d Ltd. Website: http://www.overclock3d.net/news.php?type=3&id=491&desc=virtual_laser_keyboard_now_available HackerStickers, (2006). FrogPad Mini Keyboard USB. Retrieved December 4, 2007, from HackerStickers.com. Website: http://www.hackerstickers.com/products/frogpad-mini-keyboard-usb.shtml   

Development in infancy and toddlerhood

The development of infants and toddlers is the focus of Chapters 5 to 7. In these chapters, the various developmental changes that occur during the first two years of life are highlighted.Chapter 5 discusses the various physical changes that occur during the first two years of life. It stresses that it is during these years that a human being goes through the most rapid developmental changes. Infants and toddlers grow by leaps and bounds as compared to development at the latter stages of the life cycle. Furthermore, the chapter notes that physical development of infants and toddlers vary and are influenced by various factors. Heredity, ethnic background, gender, and social environment are some of the factors that greatly influence infant and toddler development. The chapter stresses that physical development during infanthood and toddlerhood are the most critical because delays or problems that occur during these stages may cause the human being to encounter physical disabilities lat er on in life.In chapter 6, the focus shifts to cognitive development. Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory is highlighted in this chapter. The focus was on the first stage of Piaget’s theory called the sensorimotor stage since this stage refers to the first two years of life. During this stage, infants and toddlers rely on their senses to develop an understanding of the world around them. What infants and toddlers see, smell, hear, touch, and taste are what they think. In line with cognitive development, the chapter likewise discusses how infants and toddler process information. Furthermore, Chapter 6 looks at the development of language during the first two years.   The three theories of language development are discussed with focus on how infants and toddlers develop their first words and the patterns they use to produce sounds. The various factors that influence cognitive development in infants and toddlers are likewise discussed in this chapter.In Chapter 7, the emotional and social development of infants and toddlers is discussed. Erikson’s theory of infant and toddler personality is used as the basis of the chapter’s discussion. The chapter looks at how infants and toddlers develop their basic emotions and how they respond to the emotions that other people show. The development of temperament and attachment during the first two years are likewise discussed for infants and toddlers are known to be attached to figures that they commonly see. Parents, most especially the mothers, are the figures that infants and toddlers normally form attachments to.

Correspondence

It was a pleasure to meet you at the convention for trial attorneys In New York last week. In addition to the interesting program highlights of the regular sessions, the informal discussions with people like you are an added plus at these meetings. Your contribution to the program was very beneficial and highly Informative.You may recall that I had Just been appointed by the court to defend a woman here n Providence who has been charged with embezzling large sums of money from her previous employer. The defendant had been employed at a large department store for more than 25 years. Because of her valuable years of experience In accounting with the store, she was In charge of accounts receivable at the store. Her previous employer, the plaintiff In the case, claims that she embezzled $18,634 three years ago, $39,072 two years ago, and $27,045 last year.You mentioned that you had represented defendants In similar cases In previous years. Your assistance would be Invaluable as I prepare for this defense. If you are willing to lend your professional expertise In this case, here Is what Is needed: 1 . Within the next week, send the appropriate citations for all similar trials In which you participated. 2. Provide any other case citations that you think might be helpful In this case. 3. Meet with me In approximately two weeks for a case consultation.At hat time we can discuss compensation for your work on this matter. A copy of the formal complaint Is enclosed for your review. I will call you In about a week to arrange a time and place for our meeting. Please let me know If there Is additional Information that would be helpful In preparing for this case. Of experience will be invaluable.

Aged Care Centre Cost Analysis and Cost Management

In the contemporary world, cost consciousness is increasing among project team managers. Accordingly, when desire to offer more as well as better services has to confront the restrained ability to finance extra spending, project team managers have been naturally led to a cost-benefit analysis for the decision relating to resource allocation. Policy analysts along with researchers acknowledge generally the need to employ cost-benefit analysis and hence willing to employ this analytic tool Age Care Center (ACC) service programs (Elleh, 2013). Many remain hesitant, nevertheless, to apply cost-benefit analysis as a technique for guiding policy making in ACC and posit that other analytical tools have to be sought. It is the contention of the current author that cost-benefit analysis is able to fruitfully employ in ACC field and, with the technique’s acknowledged limitations, it remains both objective and powerful tool for evaluating ACC programs. This section undertakes the cost-analysis of ACC in Australia (Heldman, 2013).  Ã‚  . An array of aged care services are subsidized by the government of Australia. It is anticipated that one will contribute towards the cost of one’s care in case one can afford where one’s personal circumstance permits. One could be wonder how much it costs to enter into an ACC. A residential care fee estimator has, however, been availed to assist in the estimation of what ACC costs he will be required to pay. Strong protection are available to make sure that care is reasonably priced in ACC for everybody. The government of Australian undertakes to regulate the maximum cost on may have to pay. This is utilized as a contribution towards one’s daily living costs like meals, laundry, cleaning, cooling and heating. Every person entering the ACC can be asked to make a payment for this fee. The highest basic daily fee for fresh inhabitants as well as interval inhabitants is pegged at $48.44 a day. The rate rises on 20 th March as well as 20 th September per annum in accordance with alterations to Age Pension. For new residents, the upper limit of the basic daily fee is eighty-five percent of the lone individual rate of basic Age Pension. Beginning 20 th September 2016, a solitary rate basic Age Pension became 797.9 dollars a fortnight, besides eighty-five percent of sole rate of basic Age Pension became 678.210 dollars a fortnight. Such fees remain in effect even when one is a member of a couple. People will know the rate they need to pay as they obtain a letter arising from Department of Human Services which confirms his highest basic daily fee which is subjected to yearly indexing on March 20 th and September 20 th in accordance with the Age Pension increases. It describes the extra payment towards ACC fees which certain individuals might be needed to remit. The DHS have a duty to work out whether one is obligated to pay such an extra cost anchored on income and assets assessments and advice the applicant of an amount. A half of a couple’s merged income and assets are regarded in the determination of the means-tested care fee, irrespective of which spouse nets income or possess assets. Means-tested care fees have annual and lifetime caps. Upon hitting the cap, one ceases to pay further means-tested care fees. Any income-tested care fees paid already in a Home Care Package before touching into ACC shall as well account for one’s yearly and lifespan limits. Aged care means test are assessed via such information deemed incomed and exemptions. Such information is available on the website of Department of Human Services. The residential aged care may as well affect Centrelink payments. The current means-tested fee is pegged at $25,939.92 per annum, or $62,255.85 over a lifetime. One has to be given an account of how his income will be affected by this fee before making a major financial decision like selling a family home. The services of a financial adviser is necessary to assist in working out the best strategy for one’s own condition. ACC program requires one to pay accommodation fees in the facility. Certain individuals may have their respective costs of accommodation paid fully or partially by government of Australia whereas others residents will have to make payments for accommodation cost agreed with the ACC. The Department of Human Services has a duty to advise which arrangement applies to a person on the basis of an assessment of his asset and income. For a partner of a couple, a 1/2 of the merged assets and income are accounted for in the determination of a partner’s eligibility for assistance by the government with accommodation costs when one enters ACC, irrespective of the partner earning the income or owning the asset. The average cost of accommodation is around $350,000 to $400,000, but it could go higher where one is living in an expensive city such as Melbourne or Sydney or for a room with private bathroom. A financial Adviser will help choose between a lump sum payments (Refundable Accommodation Deposit-RAD) or Daily Accommodation Payments (DAP) or a merger of both. DAP remain essentially interest payments on an outstanding accommodation payment amount, whereas RAD is an interest-free loan to the facility that one will get back when he leaves or will be part of his estate when one passes on. Extra fees can apply where a person goes for an advanced accommodation standard or extra services. Additional service cost are applicable to such inhabitants who are in additional service facilities.   Such places are under regulation and purposed to capture a sophisticated standard of services or accommodation. ACC that have devoted additional service facilities remain presently needed to publish their respective additional service costs on their website called â€Å"My Aged Care†, along with additional relevant materials provided by them to potential inhabitants. Additional extra care as well as services along with related costs remain under regulations. Such additional costs are under the agreements between the resident and ACC care giver. Such fees range across ACC. A person’s ACC care provide is able to give one the details of such services, like Foxtel, and hairdressing alongside other applicable fees (Kerzner, 2013).  Ã‚   It is increasingly tricky to navigate the minefield of taking members of family into ACC care. There is a need to decode the loopholes that can potentially save one heartache and money. Making arrangements for the aged care for ageing parent that is not surviving at home could become emotionally demanding experience coupled with the added stress to navigate the unfamiliar as well as complex territory of welfare system of Australia to ensure one is undertaking correct action financially. An adult child will automatically get herself trapped in a converse responsibility of care as well as decision maker at such a time, facing choices like whether to engage in the sale of a family house or not to pay for ACC care cost of residential care, a matter which seemingly is never a straightforward decision (George, Harris & Mitchell, 2012). The figure might be so challenging-aged-care accommodation bonds averaged 213,000.0 dollars countrywide in the year 2009, however, they are usually between 350,000.0 dollars and 450,000.0 dollars for homes located in large cities. At the leading edge, the prod one million dollar for a hotel-kind room in prestigious Sydney site. Further, however, nothing remains the way it appears and there exist the rationale certain individuals might choose to make payment for the high bond. Surely, such undertakings become substantial financial decisions and remains second biggest financial decision made when considering ACC care. Several people have ended up making such decisions in a hurry without considering the any financial implications and opportunities attached. To this end, an adult child needs to own the possibly stroppy but together essential discussion with their respective elderly parents alongside household consultants (Ji & Yao, 2014). People who seek for ACC care encounter three categories of care including high care, low care, along with extra services.   Low-care accommodation are accompanied with ‘personal care’ facilities like assist with eating alongside bathing. Higher-care integrates services of nursing into this mix along with extreme needs. It should, however, never be substituted for extra services that describes a higher standard of accommodation, food, along with additional hotel-style services (Marià ±o et al., 2016). Many people, unfortunately think it is merely a substance of placing their designation down at the ACC home, however, it really goes beyond that. Key to unlocking the ACC care system is ACAT form from Aged Care Assessment Team which determines the type of care and facility. This form is essential in helping one to attract the government subsidy. Managing cost in an ACC facility calls for earlier planning so as not to leave the decisions for the children. One must focus first on how to benefit from the government subsidies (Ebbesen & Hope, 2013).   Before choosing the best quality of care, one needs to work out his finances. A person has to factor in his upfront and ongoing costs along with having something put away for additional expenses which emerges, one will be able to figure out exactly what he can afford- and begin looking for ACC which meets his needs within his budget (Catanio, Armstrong & Tucker, 2013). Getting financial advice is essential in managing aged care cost. The guidance of a Financial Adviser who is specialized in aged care make one to have support needed to manage government an aged care home-derived paperwork. The Financial Adviser will further work out the right payment alternatives for the client’s situation, while concurrently making sure there is a steady cash flow to account for the client’s immediate needs. What is more, Financial Adviser can guide his client through the biggest financial decisions he needs to make. This will be right from selling the family home to planning his estate. The Financial Adviser will assist one understand the longer run impacts of such cost and decisions, including the impacts on his pension as well as aged care means-tested fees. Catanio, J. T., Armstrong, G., & Tucker, J. (2013). The effects of project management certification on the triple constraint.  International Journal of Information Technology Project Management (IJITPM),  4(4), 93-111. Ebbesen, J. B., & Hope, A. (2013). Re-imagining the iron triangle: embedding sustainability into project constraints.  PM World Journal,  2(III). Elleh, F. U. (2013). Software-Enabled Project Management Techniques and Their Relationship to the Triple Constraints.  ProQuest LLC. George, B., Harris, A., & Mitchell, A. (2012). Cost-effectiveness analysis and the consistency of decision making. Pharmacoeconomics, 19(11), 1103-1109. Heldman, K. (2013).  PMP: project management professional exam study guide. John Wiley & Sons. Ji, X., & Yao, K. (2014). Uncertain project scheduling problem with resource constraints.  Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing, 1-6. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).  Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons. Marià ±o, R., Tonmukayakul, U., Manton, D., Stranieri, A., & Clarke, K. (2016). Cost-analysis of teledentistry in residential aged care facilities. Journal of telemedicine and telecare, 22(6), 326-332. Serrador, P., & Pinto, J. K. (2015). Does Agile work?—A quantitative analysis of agile project success.  International Journal of Project Management,  33(5), 1040-1051. Silvius, A. J., & Schipper, R. P. (2014). Sustainability in project management: A literature review and impact analysis.  Social Business,  4(1), 63-96. Stellingwerf, R., & Zandhuis, A. (2013).  ISO 21500 Guidance on project management-A Pocket Guide. Van Haren. Whittington, J. W., Nolan, K., Lewis, N., & Torres, T. (2015). Pursuing the triple aim: the first 7 years.  Milbank Quarterly,  93(2), 263-300.

Chauvet Cave Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Chauvet Cave - Assignment Example The art is simply something worth looking at. In Nine Lives, by Dalrymple, the people and places could be compared to the Chauvet Cave. This is in the sense that they all possess certain characteristics. The following paper will look into the comparisons between the cave and the places and people recounted in Nine Lives. In comparison, the cave and the places in India could share very many similarities. For example, the places in India have the same symbolism as the cave in Southern France. The people there look up to their land to find peace and a sense of belonging. They all can relate to the places they are in for it is their source of life. They are used to those places and cannot trade it for any other. In the cave during the early periods when the paintings were being done, the people went there to reveal themselves to the world (Clottes, p. 25). They could identify what it was that really mattered to them and paint on the walls of the cave. The history of people is embedded in the places they have stayed. Their roots are firmly tied to their place of origin. The art in the cave could bear huge similarities to the places in Nine Lives since the history of a civilisation are painted on the cave walls. The history of any people in a given place at a given period of time is very important. The story of their existence is also firmly told to the generations that follow (Curtis, p. 12). This way, the generations that come into being know of their origins, and they end up telling it to the next generations. In Nine Lives, India bears this symbolism. Another similarity is the way culture and tradition is being maintained. It is through all this that the culture of a people can go on without being eroded or corrupted. The preservation of the Chauvet Cave is done so as to keep the ways of certain people intact (Clottes, p. 27). These ways are often seen as pure and the interference of other ways and/or mannerisms could be very unhealthy. In Nine Lives, this is als o seen with people keeping the traditions of their people alive through poetry, song and dance (performing arts). Moreover, the people of these areas are recognised through these works of art performed. It is through it that their spirit as a people comes alive. Through the cave art and/or paintings, the way of worship was recognised. The kind of gods they worshiped and the entire process. It is the same as in Nine Lives. The people’s form of worship was described to the people, how the sacrifices were made and the stages involved in it. This showed that in both these settings, communication to the people was made clear to them in cultural ways. This was to ensure that they were not forgotten through time (Guy, p. 25). However, the differences in the two are very distinct. The way and manner in which the cave paintings have been skilfully done is something to be admired. There is nothing naive about the art in the walls. This is unlike the ways and manner in which the people described by Dalrymple carry out their daily rituals. This cave represents the time taken by a certain group of people to relay a message to the people who will read it. The people of India as described in Nine Lives do not give a reason as to why and how the rituals come about and how the message meant for them is passed through (Curtis, p. 20). Also, the cave had the art preserved in a way that no one could tamper with the message it relayed. Unlike the

Incidents in the life of a slave girl (1861) by Harriet jacobs Essay

Incidents in the life of a slave girl (1861) by Harriet jacobs - Essay Example The major source of encouragement to such individuals was the dream of establishing families of their own in freedom. A major hindrance was imposed upon the slaves if they already had children or families while under the rule of their slave masters or holders. In Linda’s case, her grandmother was a source of empowerment in her life, acting as both her father and mother. Her free grandmother, who was always there for her and her brother Benjamin reinforced Linda’s economic needs and emotional support (Jacobs 4). In the story, Linda talks of her grandmother endless stream of support and refuge that indebts her to her grandmother. Linda’s grandmother is also her personal confidant to whom she tells all her secrets and dreams. As such, Linda respects her grandmother so much that she does not tell her of the struggle against advances from Dr. Flint, and this marks the first conflict between the two. Since her childhood, Linda’s grandmother was always encouragin g her to assert her sexuality in order to avoid further slavery. This is an effort to pull her out of enslavement. Nevertheless, Linda faces many challenges while maintaining her sexuality, including the advances from Dr. Flint (Jacobs 21). Ultimately, she goes against her grandmother’s wishes and gives herself to Mr. Sands. This move, which she considers as triumph over her master, will have a negative impact on her relationship with her grandmother. Her grandmother is not happy after Linda confesses to her not only because of the importance of gaining freedom by maintaining her purity, but also because of societal values. Both the whites and the slaves held the institution of marriage in high regard. Another reason was the fact that children of slaves were to follow their mother step of servitude. Despite her grandmother’s empowerment, she also acts as a hindrance in her quest to obtain freedom. The relationship between Linda and her grandmother suffer a major blow a s her grandmother does not approve of her path to freedom. Linda’s intimate relationship with Mr. Sands is completely unacceptable before her grandmother’s opinion. Linda eventually has two children with Mr. Sands, who tend to delay her escape mission to freedom. Linda eventually considers another strategy: hiding until Dr. Flint becomes discouraged and sells her and her children to another slave master. In her plan to escape with Mr. Sands, her grandmother discourages her by a mother’s guilt, telling her not to trust the man but rather stick to her kids. She goes ahead to tell her that a woman who leaves her children loses her respect. This persuasion by her grandmother is a dilemma in her escape plan, which might secure the safety of her children and herself. Linda’s grandmother continues to instill the fears of her being a bad mother by relating to her children, Ben and Ellen, like a mother. Her loyalty to her grandmother and the natural fear of forsak ing her kids continues to hinder her escape plans, but not until the safety of Ben and Ellen threatened. Linda views their proposed move to plantations as slaves revive her escape plans. She acknowledges that the slaves in plantation are subject to harsh conditions than those in serving in the urban. The thought of her children suffering cruel treatment and conditions in the plantations forces her to flee disregarding her grandmother feelings and opinions. Linda places her children’s safety before the wishes of her grandmother, opting to remaining hidden in her grandmother’